Novel, cost-effective, eco-friendly spectrophotometric method for the determination of Beta-carotene, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E in their ternary mixtures: Greenness and whiteness appraisal

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

2 Amriya Pharmaceutical Industries, Alexandria, Egypt

3 Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

Abstract

Oxidative mechanisms and excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been strongly associated with different pathological abnormalities. The use of antioxidants has gained attention in controlling body functions. Antioxidant vitamins including vitamin C (VIT C), vitamin E (VIT E), and beta-carotene (B-CAR), have been included in different health-management formulations because of their ROS-scavenging effect. In this work, spectrophotometric methods are developed for the first time for the simultaneous determination of VIT C, VIT E, and B-CAR in tablet mixtures. B-CAR was determined by measuring direct absorbance at 450 nm. However, derivative spectrophotometry was applied to resolve the spectral overlap between VIT C/E by recording the absolute values of 1D peak to peak amplitude at 252 and 277 nm for the determination of VIT C while the second derivative spectra were used for the determination of VIT E by recording the absolute values of 2D amplitude at 212 nm. The validated methods permitted the determination of the antioxidant vitamins within the concentration ranges of 0.68 - 6.1, 3.35-53.6, and 3-24 μgmL-1 for B-CAR, VIT C and VIT E, respectively. Good linearity was shown by high values of correlation coefficients >0.999. The National Environmental Methods Index (NEMI), Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), and Analytical Greenness Calculator (AGREE) were used to provide complementary approval of the degree of greenness of the proposed methods. Taking into consideration the low cost, greenness, and high quality of the proposed spectrophotometric methods, they can be regularly applied for routine quality control analysis of such vitamin combinations.

Highlights

  • Direct absorbance and derivative spectrophotometric methods are developed to quantify vitamin C, Vitamin E, and β Carotene, simultaneously.
  • The methods have been successfully applied to laboratory-prepared mixtures.
  • The Greenness and whiteness of the spectrophotometric methods have been confirmed using NEMI, GAPI, and AGREE metrics.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences
Volume 1, Issue 1
January 2024
Pages 22-28

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