MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION
The manuscript should be typed, double-spaced on standard A4-sized paper (8.5" x 11") with 1" margins on all sides. Times New Roman font 12 pt should be used.
Title Page
The title page should contain a clear, concise, and informative title of the article followed by the names and affiliations of the authors. The affiliation should comprise the department, institution, city, and state (or nation) and should be typed as a footnote to the author's name. The corresponding author must indicate his/her complete mailing address, office/cellular phone number, fax number, and email address at the lower left of the Title Page.
Article Structure
Subdivision - numbered sections
The article should be divided into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
Abstract
The abstract should not be more than 300 words and should provide brief details about the objectives of the study, materials and methods, results, and conclusions. The abstract should not be structured, it should be a single paragraph without subheadings. The abstract must be followed by four to six keywords.
Introduction
The introduction should be brief and indicate the aim of the study and the essential background information. The introduction should clearly state the hypothesis or purpose statement, how and why the purpose or hypothesis was developed, and why the author deems it important avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
Materials and methods
Please provide concise but complete information about the material and the analytical, statistical, and experimental procedures used. Provide sufficient details to allow the work to be reproduced by an independent researcher. Methods that are already published should be summarized and indicated by a reference. If quoting directly from a previously published method, use quotation marks and also cite the source. Any modifications to existing methods should also be described.
Result and Discussion
Data acquired from the research with the appropriate statistical analysis described in the methods section should be included in this section. In this part, the same data/ information given in a table must not be repeated in a figure or vice versa. Tables and figures should be self-explanatory and it is not acceptable to repeat extensively the numerals from tables into text and give lengthy and unnecessary explanations of the tables and figures. The discussion should relate the results to the current understanding of the scientific problems being investigated in the field.
Conclusions
The conclusion should summarize the key supporting ideas discussed throughout the work and highlight the importance and relevance of the results.
References
Citation in text
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list but may be mentioned in the text.
For web references as a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed.
The selected reference style is Vancouver (Numbered).
TABLES & FIGURES
Tables and figures should not be embedded in the text but should be included at the end of the manuscript on separate pages. Tables should be created with a word processor and cited consecutively in the text. Please avoid using vertical rules and shading in table cells. To ensure the highest print quality, your figures must be submitted in TIF/JPG/JPEG format with a minimum of 300 dpi or higher resolutions. Captions/legends will be placed below figures and adjusted to 10 font size.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
A Graphical abstract is mandatory for this journal. It should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership online. Authors must provide images that clearly represent the work described in the article. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more but should be readable on screen at a size of 200 × 500 pixels (at 96 dpi this corresponds to 5 × 13 cm). Bear in mind readability after reduction, especially if using one of the figures from the article itself. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files.
HIGHLIGHTS
ABBREVIATIONS
Standard abbreviations should be used throughout the manuscript. All nonstandard abbreviations should be kept to a minimum and must be defined in the text following their first use.
Math formulae Please submit math equations as editable text using the Microsoft word equation editor and not as images.
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS
Supplementary material such as applications, images and sound clips, can be published with your article to enhance it. Submitted supplementary items are published exactly as they are received (Excel or PowerPoint files will appear as such online). Please submit your material together with the article and supply a concise, descriptive caption for each supplementary file. If you wish to make changes to supplementary material during any stage of the process, please make sure to provide an updated file. Do not annotate any corrections on a previous version. Please switch off the 'Track Changes' option in Microsoft Office files as these will appear in the published version.
AUTHORSHIP AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Authorship
All the authors in a manuscript are equally responsible for the technical information communicated to the journal. Thus, it is necessary that all authors must read and approve the final version of the manuscript before submitting it to the journal. All named authors must have made an active contribution to the conception and design and/or analysis and interpretation of the data and/or the drafting of the paper and all must have critically reviewed its content and have approved the final version submitted for publication. Participation solely in the acquisition of funding or the collection of data does not justify authorship. All the manuscripts should contain the Authors’ Contributions statement immediately before the Acknowledgments section.
Acknowledgments
All acknowledgments should be included at the very end of the paper before the references and may include supporting grants, presentations, and so forth. Contributors who do not qualify as authors should be mentioned under Acknowledgements.
Changes to authorship
Authors are expected to carefully consider the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Any addition, deletion, or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript has been accepted and only if approved by the journal Editor. To request such a change, the Editor must receive the following from the corresponding author: (a) the reason for the change in author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal, or rearrangement. In the case of the addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed. Only in exceptional circumstances will the Editor consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been accepted. While the Editor considers the request, publication of the manuscript will be suspended. If the manuscript has already been published in an online issue, any requests approved by the Editor will result in a corrigendum.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
All the authors must disclose the possible conflicts of interest/Competing Interests they may have with the publication of the manuscript or an institution or product that is mentioned in the manuscript and/or is important to the outcome of the study presented. Authors should also disclose conflicts of interest with products that compete with those mentioned in their manuscript.
FUNDING SOURCES
The authors must declare all sources of funding received for the research submitted to the journal. Authors should give the name of granting agencies and grant numbers, along with a short description of each funder’s role.
ORIGINALITY AND PLAGIARISM
Authors should ensure the originality of their content while preparing a manuscript draft. In case the authors have used the work and/or words of others this must be appropriately cited or quoted. In case plagiarism is detected during the review/editorial process, such manuscript(s) will be rejected immediately.
REPORTING STANDARDS
Authors of the original research article must present accurate data of work performed during their research. Authors are also expected to discuss the objective of their work and the significance of their results. An article should contain sufficient information and references to ensure the reproducibility of the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements are considered unethical behavior and are unacceptable.
DATA ACCESS AND RETENTION
To foster transparency, we require you to state the availability of your data in your submission if your data is unavailable to access or unsuitable to post. This may also be a requirement of your funding body or institution. You will have the opportunity to provide a data statement during the submission process.
ETHICAL APPROVALS
Please ensure that all research reported in submitted papers has been conducted in an ethical and responsible manner and is in full compliance with all relevant codes of experimentation and legislation.
Patient Rights
Patients have a right to privacy; thus, all studies should be conducted with informed consent. No identifying information should be published in written descriptions, photographs, and pedigrees unless the information is essential for scientific purposes and the patient (or parent or guardian) gives written informed consent for publication. When informed consent has been obtained, it should be indicated in the article. Investigations with human subjects must follow the ethical standards The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki). All the experiments should be approved by the institutional human experimentation committee or equivalent.
Animal Rights
Animal experiments must follow the ethical standards for the care and use of laboratory animals. The article involved animal experiments and must seek approval(s) from the appropriate Ethical Committee in accordance with the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals" and guidelines.
The name of the ethics committee(s) or institutional review board(s) involved the number or ID of the ethics approval(s).
Provide information about housing, feeding and environmental enrichment, and steps taken to minimize suffering. Provide mode of anesthesia and euthanasia.