Simple rapid eco-friendly chromatographic analytical method for ten residual cephalosporins in wastewater after their pharmaceutical production

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt

2 Pharco B International Pharmaceutical Company, Borg El Arab, Alexandria, Egypt

Abstract

A simple, reliable, and rapid HPLC analysis is proposed for the quantification of ten cephalosporins; Cefepime, Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime, Cefaclor, Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin, Cefadroxil, Cefotaxime, Cephalexin and Cephapirin, simultaneously, in wastewater from factories as a tool at the local level for regular environmental monitoring program. The water samples are directly used, with no complicated sample pretreatment steps. The separation was accomplished on C18 reversed-stationary phase and the mobile phases were composed of methanol:0.1% pentane sulfonic acid (22:78) at pH 2.5 with 1.2 mL/min flow rate (system 1) and methanol:phosphate buffer (27:73, pH 7) with 1.0 mL/min flow rate (system 2). 265 and 235 nm are the optimum wavelengths used for UV detection for system 1 and system 2, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, very low LODs and LOQs were obtained for all the studied compounds. The quantification of various cephalosporins in real water was accomplished. Both the effluent and influent of the local wastewater showed negative results, indicating that the obtained waste water is free from cephalosporin antibiotics.

Highlights

  • HPLC/DAD method is developed for the simultaneous determination of ten cephalosporin antibiotics in wastewater.
  • The determined antibiotics are Cefepime, Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime, Cefaclor, Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin, Cefadroxil, Cefotaxime, Cephalexin and Cephapirin.
  • The developed methods are simple, eco-friendly, and robust analytical method-based
  • The proposed method serves as a tool for regular environmental monitoring programs at local level.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences
Volume 1, Issue 1
January 2024
Pages 48-57

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